Contents 
Chapter 1 Introduction 1 
1.1 Concepts and sorts of materials and what the function and status of 
the material are in society revolution 2 
1.2 Conteat and Relation of materials science and engineering 5 
1.3 Development of materials 7 
1.4 Materials and mechanical engineering 10 
Chapter 2 The Mechanical Properties Of Metals 13 
2.1 Introduction 13 
2.2 Static mechanical properties 14 
2.3 Hardness tests 22 
2.4 Impact toughness 27 
2.5 Fracture toughness 30 
2.6 Fatigue tests 32 
2.7 Test at elevated tempearatures 34 
2.8 Variability of material properties 35 
Chapter3 Crystal Structure and Crystallizing 37 
3.1 Crystal structure of metals 37 
3.2 Actual structure of metals 47 
3.3 Crystallization of metal 53 
3.4 Structure of steel ingot 59 
Chapter4 Plastic Deformation and Recrystallization of Metal 62 
4.1 Plastic deformation of metal 62 
4.2 Effects of plastic deformation on structure and property of metal 67 
4.3 The change of structure and property of deformed metal during heating 70 
4.4 Hot working of metal 75 
4.5 Superplasticity 76 
Chapter5 Binary Alloy 78 
5.1 Definitions and basic concepts 78 
5.2 Phase structure of alloy 80 
5.3 Binary alloy diagram 83 
Chapter 6 Iron Carbon Alloys 99 
6.1 Phase structure and properties of iron carbon alloys 99 
6.2 Iron carbon equilibrium diagram 101 
6.3 Plain carbon steels 115 
Chapter 7 Heat Treatment of Steel 120 
7.1 Introduction 120 
7.2 Formation of austenite during heating 122 
7.3 Decomposition of austenite during cooling 129 
7.4 Annealing of steel 140 
7.5 Normalising of steel 144 
7.6 Hardening of steel 146 
7.7 Tempering of steel 159 
7.8 The surface quenching of steel 165 
7.9 The chemical heat treatment of the steel 170 
Chapter 8 Alloy Steels 177 
8.1 Effects of alloying elements in steel 177 
8.2 Mechanisms of strengthening in metals 183 
8.3 Categories and code of alloy steels 186 
8.4 Structural alloy steels 186 
8.5 Tool steels 195 
8.6 Steels for special use 202 
Chapter 9 Cast Iron 207 
9.1 Introduction 207 
9.2 Graphitisation of cast iron 207 
9.3 Classify of cast iron 209 
9.4 Grey cast iron 211 
9.5 Malleable cast iron 214 
9.6 Spheroidal cast iron 218 
9.7 Vermicular cast iron 223 
9.8 Alloy cast iron 224 
Chapter10 Nonferrous Metals and Their Alloys 228 
10.1 Aluminum and its alloys 229 
10.2 Copper and its alloys 237 
10.3 Magnesium and its alloys 241 
10.4 Titanium and their alloys 243 
10.5 Bearing alloys 247 
Chapter 11 Polymer 250 
11.1 Introduction 250 
11.2 Classification of polymers 251 
11.3 Structural characteristics of polymers 255 
11.4 Properties of polymers and plastics 266 
11.5 Additives for plastic materials and compounding 277 
11.6 Polymer processes 279 
11.7 Properties and utilities of selected polymers 283 
Chapter 12 Advanced Materials 285 
12.1 Introduction 285 
12.2 Information functional materials 285 
12.3 Composite materials 286 
12.4 Smart materials 292 
12.5 Nanomaterials 294 
12.6 Biomaterial 300 
12.7 Porous materials 301 
Chapter 13 Material Selecting for Parts 304 
13.1 Failure of mechanical parts 304 
13.2 General principles for selecting suitable materials 310 
13.3 Selecting suitable material for typical parts and working process 311 
References 316