第 1章 PLC的基本知識(shí)············································· 1
1.1 PLC概述 ········································ 1
1.1.1 PLC的產(chǎn)生和定義 ································· 1
1.1.2 PLC的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 ···································· 1
1.1.3 PLC的基本原理 ················ 3
1.1.4 PLC的編程語(yǔ)言 ··································· 5
1.1.5 PLC的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展 ································· 7
1.2 S7-300 PLC概述 ········································ 8
1.2.1 西門子 PLC系列產(chǎn)品 ···························· 8
1.2.2 S7-300 PLC的硬件組成 ··· 11
1.2.3 CPU的操作模式 ································· 13
1.2.4 S7-300 PLC的工作過(guò)程 ················································· 14
1.2.5 S7-300 PLC的模塊安裝 ················································· 16
1.2.6 S7-300 PLC數(shù)字量信號(hào)模塊的地址分配 ···································· 19
1.3習(xí)題 ························································· 20 第 2 章 STEP 7編程軟件 ····································· 21
2.1 STEP 7軟件安裝 ······································ 21
2.1.1 安裝需求 ············································ 21
2.1.2 安裝 STEP 7軟件包 ··· 21
2.1.3 STEP 7的授權(quán)管理 ··· 23
2.2 SIMATIC管理器 ··········· 24
2.2.1 SIMATIC管理器概述 ·· 24
2.2.2 STEP 7項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu) ······· 25
2.2.3 SIMATIC Manager自定義選項(xiàng)設(shè)置 ················ 25
2.2.4 PG/PC接口設(shè)置 ········ 27
2.3 技能訓(xùn)練電動(dòng)機(jī)起 /�？刂� ·················· 28
2.3.1 用繼電器-接觸器控制三相交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)起 /停 · 28
2.3.2 用 PLC控制三相交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)起 /停 ······· 29
2.3.3 PLC系統(tǒng)的硬件組態(tài)及程序編制 ········· 31
2.3.4 方案調(diào)試 ··········· 40
2.4 PLC控制系統(tǒng)與其他控制系統(tǒng)的區(qū)別 ·· 42
2.4.1 PLC控制與繼電器-接觸器控制的區(qū)別 ···· 42 2.4.2 仿真 PLC與實(shí)際 PLC的區(qū)別 ··········· 43
2.4.3 PLC系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟 ················ 44
2.4.4 PLC設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目的下載 ················ 44
2.4.5 TIA博途 ········ 45
2.5 習(xí)題······················· 45 第 3 章 基本邏輯指令的應(yīng)用 ································· 47
3.1指令基礎(chǔ) ·············································· 47
3.1.1 指令的基本知識(shí) ··························· 47
3.1.2 尋址方式和累加器 ···························· 50
3.2 觸點(diǎn)與線圈 ············ 52
3.3 基本邏輯指令 ····························· 53
3.3.1 邏輯“與”指令 ··························· 53
3.3.2 邏輯“或”指令 ············· 54
3.3.3 邏輯“異或”指令 ························· 54
3.3.4 邏輯塊的操作 ······································· 55
3.3.5 信號(hào)流取反指令 ······································· 56
3.4 邊沿檢測(cè)指令 ·············································· 56
3.4.1 RLO的上升沿檢測(cè)指令 ········································ 56
3.4.2 RLO的下降沿檢測(cè)指令 ···················································· 57
3.4.3 觸點(diǎn)信號(hào)的上升沿檢測(cè)指令 ··········································· 58
3.4.4 觸點(diǎn)信號(hào)的下降沿檢測(cè)指令 ············································ 59
3.5 技能訓(xùn)練電動(dòng)機(jī)的基本控制 ·················································· 60
3.5.1 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ············································· 60
3.5.2 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ·········································· 61
3.5.3 方案調(diào)試 ··························································· 66
3.6習(xí)題 ········································································· 67 第 4 章 定時(shí)器的應(yīng)用 ···························· ··································· 68
4.1定時(shí)器 ····························· ····················· 68
4.1.1 定時(shí)器指令 ····························· ························· 68
4.1.2 CPU的時(shí)鐘存儲(chǔ)器 ······························· ··········· 76
4.2技能訓(xùn)練人行橫道控制 ······················· ········ 77
4.2.1 控制要求 ······························ ··············· 77
4.2.2 任務(wù)實(shí)施 ·································· ············ 78
4.2.3 方案調(diào)試 ····························· ······················· 82
4.3編程注意事項(xiàng) ······························· ······················ 85
4.3.1 常閉輸入觸點(diǎn)的處理 ·········· ················· 85
4.3.2 熱繼電器 FR與 PLC的連接 ·············· ········ 85
4.3.3 定時(shí)器的擴(kuò)展 ·········· ················· 86
4.3.4 編程規(guī)則 ·································· 87
4.4習(xí)題 ···································· 87 第 5 章 置位與復(fù)位指令的應(yīng)用 ··················································· 89
5.1 置位與復(fù)位 ········································································ 89
5.1.1 置位與復(fù)位指令 ··························································· 89
5.1.2 RS觸發(fā)器指令與 SR觸發(fā)器指令 ·························· 90
5.2 STEP 7的用戶程序結(jié)構(gòu) ············································ 92
5.2.1 STEP 7的程序塊 ···················································· 92
5.2.2 STEP 7的用戶程序結(jié)構(gòu)和調(diào)用 ·································· 94
5.3 技能訓(xùn)練 1 搶答器的控制 ······································ 96
5.3.1 控制要求 ······································································ 96
5.3.2 任務(wù)分析 ·············································· 96
5.3.3 任務(wù)實(shí)施 ··············································································· 96
5.4 技能訓(xùn)練 2 多級(jí)傳送帶的控制 ······························································ 99
5.4.1 控制要求 ···························································· 99
5.4.2 任務(wù)分析 ········································································ 100
5.4.3 任務(wù)實(shí)施 ··········································································· 101
5.4.4 方案調(diào)試 ······································· 106
5.5 習(xí)題 ··························································································· 108 第 6 章 計(jì)數(shù)器的應(yīng)用························································110
6.1 計(jì)數(shù)器指令 ···············································································110
6.1.1 加/減計(jì)數(shù)器（ S_CUD）·······························································110
6.1.2 加計(jì)數(shù)器（ S_CU） ····································································112
6.1.3 減計(jì)數(shù)器（ S_CD） ·····························································112
6.1.4 線圈形式的計(jì)數(shù)器·································································113
6.2 數(shù)據(jù)傳送指令 ·····································································114
6.3 比較指令 ·······················································································115
6.3.1 整數(shù)比較指令 ················································································· 115
6.3.2 雙整數(shù)比較指令 ··········································································116
6.3.3 實(shí)數(shù)比較指令 ·································································· 117
6.4移位指令 ···········································································118
6.4 .1 基本移位指令 ···························································· 118
6.4.2 循環(huán)移位指令 ·········································································· 119
6.5 技能訓(xùn)練多臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)單個(gè)按鈕的控制 ··································································· 120
6.5.1 控制要求 ········································································ 120
6.5.2 任務(wù)分析 ········································································· 120
6.5.3 任務(wù)實(shí)施 ·········································································· 120
6.6 計(jì)數(shù)器的擴(kuò)展 ······································································· 123
6.6.1 計(jì)數(shù)器與定時(shí)器配合使用 ························································································ 123
6.6.2 計(jì)數(shù)器的加法和乘法擴(kuò)展 ························································································ 124
6.7習(xí)題 ····················································································· 126 第 7 章 功能指令 ················································································· 128
7.1 數(shù)據(jù)裝入、傳輸和轉(zhuǎn)換指令 ······················································································· 128
7.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)裝入指令和傳輸指令 ························································································ 128
7.1.2 轉(zhuǎn)換指令 ······························ ········································ 132
7.2 算術(shù)運(yùn)算指令 ·································································································· 135 7.2.1 基本算術(shù)運(yùn)算指令······················································································ 136
7.2.2 擴(kuò)展算術(shù)運(yùn)算指令 ····························································································· 137
7.3 字邏輯運(yùn)算指令 ·································································································· 138
7.4 技能訓(xùn)練 1 功能指令的應(yīng)用 ················································································ 139
7.4.1 轉(zhuǎn)換指令的應(yīng)用 ······························································································ 139
7.4.2 求補(bǔ)指令的應(yīng)用 ······························································································ 139
7.4.3 運(yùn)算指令的應(yīng)用 ······························································································ 140
7.4.4 移位指令的應(yīng)用 ······························································································ 141
7.4.5 循環(huán)指令的應(yīng)用 ····························································································· 141
7.5 技能訓(xùn)練 2 節(jié)日彩燈的控制 ···················································································· 142
7.5.1 控制要求 ······························································································· 142
7.5.2 任務(wù)分析 ······························································································· 142
7.5.3 任務(wù)實(shí)施 ······························································································· 142
7.5.4 方案調(diào)試 ······························································································· 144
7.6 習(xí)題 ······································································································ 146 第 8 章 模擬量的控制 ··························································································· 148
8.1 模擬量的處理 ································································································ 148
8.1.1 模擬量輸入通道的量程調(diào)節(jié) ···················································································· 148
8.1.2 模擬量模塊的系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)地址 ···················································································· 149
8.1.3 模擬量轉(zhuǎn)換值的分辨率 ··················································································· 149
8.1.4 模擬量的數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)方式 ················································································· 150
8.1.5 模擬量的規(guī)范化讀入 ····················································································· 151
8.1.6 模擬量的規(guī)范化輸出 ······················································································ 152
8.2 技能訓(xùn)練攪拌器的控制 ······················································································ 153
8.2.1 控制要求 ···································································································· 153
8.2.2 任務(wù)分析 ··································································································· 154
8.2.3 任務(wù)實(shí)施 ··································································································· 154
8.2.4 方案調(diào)試 ···································································································· 162
8.3 習(xí)題 ······································································································ 164 第 9 章 順序控制系統(tǒng)控制方法的設(shè)計(jì) ···················································································· 166
9.1順序控制系統(tǒng) ····································································································· 166
9.1.1 順序控制 ······························································································ 166
9.1.2 順序控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu) ·············································································· 167 9.2 順序功能圖 ·································································································· 168
9.2.1 順序功能圖的結(jié)構(gòu) ······················································································ 168
9.2.2 順序功能圖的類型 ····················································································· 169
9.3 順序功能圖的梯形圖編程方法 ··················································································· 170
9.3.1 簡(jiǎn)單流程的編程 ··························································································· 170
9.3.2 選擇分支流程的編程 ·················································································· 171
9.3.3 并進(jìn)分支流程的編程 ··················································································· 172
9.4 S7 GRAPH語(yǔ)言 ······························································································ 174
9.4.1 認(rèn)識(shí) S7 GRAPH的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境 ···················································································· 174
9.4.2 步與步的動(dòng)作命令 ························································································· 177
9.4.3 在主程序中調(diào)用 S7 GRAPH功能塊 ·········································································· 181
9.5 技能訓(xùn)練洗車的控制 ·························································································· 185
9.5.1 控制要求 ·················································································· 185
9.5.2 任務(wù)分析 ································································································· 185
9.5.3 任務(wù)實(shí)施 ································································································ 186
9.5.4 方案調(diào)試 ···································································································· 191
9.6習(xí)題 ········································································································ 192 第 10 章 PLC通信 ································································································· 193
10.1 西門子 PLC網(wǎng)絡(luò) ···························································································· 193
10.2 PROFIBUS總線技術(shù) ··························································································· 194
10.2.1 PROFIBUS 協(xié)議結(jié)構(gòu) ····················································································· 194
10.2.2 PROFIBUS 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ··············································································· 194
10.2.3 PROFIBUS的組成 ···················································································· 195
10.2.4 PROBUS DP網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接 ················································································ 196
10.2.5 PROFIBUS DP設(shè)備分類 ·············································································· 197
10.2.6 PROFIBUS DP的 DX通信 ············································································ 198
10.3 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng) ····························································································· 205
10.3.1 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的 TCP/IP ··············································································· 205
10.3.2 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ··············································································· 206
10.3.3 工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接 ··············································································· 208
10.3.4 CPU 31x-2PN/DP之間的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)通信 ······························································· 209
10.4 習(xí)題