How to Use This Book
Acknowledgments
Prologue

1 The Core of Optimality Theory
1．1 Basic Architecture
1．1．1 Candidate Comparison
1．1．2 Ranked Constraints and EVAL
1．1．3 GEN
1．1．4 Summary， with Possible Variations
1．2 The Theory of Constraints
1．2．1 The Universality of Constraints
1．2．2 Constraint Typology
1．2．3 Constraint Schemata and Fixed Hierarchies
1．3 Constraint Interaction
1．3．1 Faithful and Unfaithful Mappings
1．3．2 Homogeneity of Target/Heterogeneity of Process
1．3．3 Blocking Effects
1．3．4 Summary
1．4 How to Do OT
1．4．1 Ranking Known Constraints
1．4．2 Selecting Informative Candidates
1．4．3 Diagnosing Problems
1．4．4 Positing New Constraints
1．5 For Further Reading
Notes

2 The Context of Optimality Theory
2．1 Developments in Phonological Theory
2．2 Syntactic Theory Contrasted with Phonological Theory
2．3 Rules and Constraints in Phonology and Syntax
2．4 Harmony Theory
2．5 For Further Reading
Notes

3 The Results of Optimality Theory
3．1 Consequences of Markedness/Faithfulness Interaction
3．1．1 The Basics： Ranking Prerequisites for an Unfaithful Mapping
3．1．2 Inventories and Richness of the Base
3．1．2．1 Basic Concepts
3．1．2．2 The Duplication Problem， with Examples
3．1．2．3 Absolute Ill-Formedness
3．1．2．4 The Lexicon and Richness of the Base
3．1．2．5 Syntactic Applications
3．1．2．6 Summary and Methodological Remark
3．1．3 Distributional Restrictions
3．1．3．1 Basic Notions
3．1．3．2 Factorial Typology
3．1．3．3 Identical Distribution
3．1．3．4 Complementary Distribution
3．1．3．5 Contextual Neutralization
3．1．3．6 A Syntactic Example： Only-When-NeededBehavior
3．1．3．7 Summary
3．1．4 Processes and Systems of Processes
3．1．4．1 Basic Notions
3．1．4．2 Homogeneity of Target/Heterogeneity of Process
3．1．4．3 Conspiracies
3．1．4．4 Interim Summary
3．1．4．5 Harmonic Ascent
3．1．4．6 Incomplete Process-Specificity of Blocking
3．1．4．7 No Constraint-Specificity of Repair
3．1．4．8 No Construction-Specificity of Interactions
3．1．4．9 Peroration
3．1．5 Typology and Universals
3．1．5．1 Overview
3．1．5．2 Architectural Imperatives
3．1．5．3 Universals from Factorial Typology
3．1．5．4 Universals from Fixed Hierarchies
3．1．5．5 Summary
3．2 Consequences of Constraint Violability
3．2．1 Nonuniformity of Structure
3．2．1．1 The Basics
3．2．1．2 Exemplification
3．2．1．3 Opposite Constraints
3．2．1．4 Summary and Comparative Remarks
3．2．2 Emergence of the Unmarked
3．2．2．1 The Basics
3．2．2．2 Comparison with Parameters
3．2．2．3 Comparison with Default Rules
3．2．2．4 Summary
3．2．3 Extremism and Economy
3．3 Consequences of Globality and Parallelism
3．3．1 Globality and Parallelism Explained
3．3．2 Exemplification
3．3．2．1 Consequences of Globality
3．3．2．2 Consequences of Parallelism： Overview
3．3．2．3 Consequences of Parallelism I： Chicken-Egg Effects
3．3．2．4 Consequences of Parallelism II： Top-Down Effects
3．3．2．5 Consequences of Parallelism III： Structurally Remote Interaction
3．3．2．6 Consequences of Parallelism IV： Derivationally Remote Interaction
3．3．2．7 Some Challenges to Remote Interaction
3．3．2．8 Consequences of Parallelism V： Globality Effects
3．3．2．9 Summary
3．3．3 Other Architectures for OT
3．3．3．1 The Context and the Issues3．3．3．2 Harmonic Serialism
3．3．3．3 Cyclic Evaluation
3．3．3．4 Modular Architectures
3．3．3．5 Other Approaches to Opacity in OT
3．3．3．6 Final Remarks
3．4 For Further Reading
Notes

4 The Connections of Optimality Theory
4．1 Further Issues in OT Syntax
4．1．1 Some Controversial Questions
4．1．2 Absolute Ill-Forrnedness
4．1．3 Syntactic Optionality
4．2 Learnability and Acquisition
4．2．1 Language Leamability
4．2．2 Language Acquisition
4．3 Formal and Computational Analysis
4．4 Functionalism
4．4．1 Introduction
4．4．2 Formal Constraints and Physical Events
4．4．3 Evaluating Phonological Systems
4．5 Variation and Change
4．6 For Further Reading
Notes

Epilogue
Appendix A： Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix B： Symbols and Abbreviations

References
Index of Names
Index of Constraints
Index of Languages
Index of Topics