本書緊跟時代和國際商務發(fā)展步伐，以基于內容的教學(CBI)為理論依據(jù)編寫，各章節(jié)排序和練習設置還融入了基于任務的教學(TBI)理念。全書由10章組成，第1、2章主要對國際商務做整體介紹，幫助學生初步了解國際商務的內涵、主要形式和基本理論，其余8章以國際商務中最主要的形式——國際貿易為重點，按照國際貿易流程和步驟展開講解。
本書將英語語言知識和商務知識融為一體，不僅可以增強學生的商務英語語言技能，幫助學生了解和鞏固國際商務知識，還可以鍛煉其商務實踐能力。本書既可以作為商務英語、英語、國際貿易等專業(yè)的教材，也可以供有興趣的讀者學習參考。
隨著我國改革開放的不斷深入，對外經(jīng)濟貿易和文化交流迅速發(fā)展，社會對既懂英語又懂商務知識人才的需求不斷增強。從北京、上海和廣州等城市對緊缺人才需求趨勢的調查分析來看，商務英語人才供應嚴重不足，而且在今后幾十年內該類人才的需求量仍將成倍增長。因此，加強商務英語教學，培養(yǎng)更多的商務英語人才是大勢所趨。另外，隨著社會的進步和全球化的深入發(fā)展，國際商務知識和規(guī)范也在不斷發(fā)展和完善。所以非常有必要編寫一部能夠更好地滿足新時期我國經(jīng)濟、文化和社會發(fā)展對高級商務英語人才需求的教材。在這個背景下，我們組織具有國際商務實踐經(jīng)歷或商務英語教學經(jīng)驗的教師編寫了本書。
本書的編寫基于科學的教學理念，通過教材內容的設置和教學，把碎片化的語言和商務知識有機地結合起來，內容新穎，緊跟時代和國際商務發(fā)展步伐。同時，在本書中英語語言知識和商務知識互為載體，不僅可以增強學生的商務英語語言技能，幫助學生了解和鞏固國際商務知識，還可以鍛煉其商務實踐能力。
本書由10章組成，第1、2章主要對國際商務做整體介紹，幫助學生初步了解國際商務的內涵、主要形式和基本理論，其余8章以國際商務中最主要的形式——國際貿易為重點，按照國際貿易流程和步驟展開講解。本書的編寫主要以基于內容的教學(CBI)為理論依據(jù)，各章節(jié)排序和練習設置還融入了基于任務的教學(TBI)理念。我們希望通過本書，以英語為教學和學習媒介，使學生掌握國際商務相關知識和國際貿易實踐基本技能，而不是只學習幾個零散的商務英語詞匯和句子。
本書是集體合作的成果，由郭繼東和龐博任主編，負責確定選題和編寫結構，召集編審人員，統(tǒng)稿和校對；韓國春、雷雯、劉琦和諸葛雯任副主編，負責部分章節(jié)的編寫和校對。本書的第1、2章由龐博編寫，第3、9章由雷雯編寫，第4、8章由劉琦編寫，第5、10章由韓國春編寫，第6、7章由諸葛雯編寫。
本書是杭州電子科技大學重點建設教材，其出版得到了杭州電子科技大學教務處和西安電子科技大學出版社等有關單位與領導的大力支持和幫助。在編寫本書的過程中，浙江省商務英語學會副會長于學勇教授給予我們很多關心和指導，謹此表示感謝。本書獲杭州電子科技大學教材專項出版資助。
在編寫本書的過程中，我們參考了國內外相關文獻，在此向這些文獻的作者和出版單位致以誠摯的感謝！由于編者的學識和能力有限，書中不足之處在所難免，希望專家和讀者給予批評和指正。
編 者
2021年12月
Chapter One Introduction to International
Business 1
1.1 Concepts of Business and International
Business 1
1.1.1 What Is Business? 1
1.1.2 What Is International Business? 1
1.2 The Need for International Business 2
1.3 Two Related Economic Theories 3
1.3.1 Absolute Advantage 3
1.3.2 Comparative Advantage 3
1.4 International Business Activities 4
1.4.1 Main Types of International Business
Activities 4
1.4.2 Common Forms of International
Business Activities 5
1.5 International Business Management 9
1.5.1 International Marketing Management 9
1.5.2 International Financial Management 9
1.5.3 International Human Resource
Management 11
1.6 Economic Integration 13
1.6.1 Regional Economic Integration 14
1.6.2 Renowned Regional Economic
Integration 15
Exercises 19
Chapter Two Introduction to International Trade
21
2.1 International Trade 21
2.1.1 What Is International Trade? 21
2.1.2 International Trade and Domestic Trade
21
2.1.3 Reasons for International Trade 22
2.1.4 Classification of International Trade 24
2.2 Trade Barrier 25
2.2.1 What is Trade Barrier? 25
2.2.2 Types of Trade Barriers 26
2.2.3 International Business Risks 32
2.3 Business Preparation 32
2.3.1 Market Research 32
2.3.2 Credit Inquiry 33
2.3.3 Making Contacts 33
2.4 Business Negotiation 34
2.4.1 What is Negotiation? 34
2.4.2 General Procedures in Business
Negotiation 34
Exercises 39
Chapter Three Trade Terms 41
3.1 Definition and Functions of International
?Trade Terms 41
3.2 International Rules and Practices on Trade
?Terms 42
3.2.1 Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 42
3.2.2 Revised American Foreign Trade
Definition 1941 42
3.2.3 Incoterms 2010 Rules 43
3.2.4 Main Features of the Incoterms 2020
Rules 45
3.2.5 Changes to the Incoterms 2010 Rules in
the Incoterms 2020 Rules 46
3.2.6 Seven Commonly Used Trade Terms to
Any Mode of Transportation 46
3.2.7 Four Commonly Used Trade Terms to Sea
and Inland Waterway Transportation 49
Exercises 51
Chapter Four Packing and Transportation 53
4.1 Packing 53
4.1.1 Packing Problem in Law 53
4.1.2 Types of Packing 54
4.1.3 Marking 56
4.2 Transportation 57
4.2.1 Modes of Transportation 58
4.2.2 Choice of Modes and Intermodal
Transportation 60
Exercises 62
Chapter Five Inspection and Insurance 65
5.1 Inspection 65
5.1.1 Pre-shipment Inspection 65
5.1.2 Post-shipment Inspection 67
5.1.3 Pre-shipment Inspection vs.
Post-shipment Inspection 68
5.1.4 The Pre-shipment Inspection Industry
69
5.1.5 Choice of the Inspector 70
5.1.6 The Basic Mechanics of PSI 71
5.1.7 Inspection Documents 73
5.2 Insurance 74
5.2.1 Definition 74
5.2.2 Basic Characteristics of Insurance 74
5.2.3 Insurable Risks 75
5.2.4 Marine Insurance 76
Exercises 81
Chapter Six Instruments of Payment 83
6.1 Negotiable Instruments 83
6.1.1 What Are Negotiable Instruments? 83
6.1.2 Characteristics of Negotiable
Instruments 83
6.1.3 Parties to Negotiable Instruments 84
6.2 Bills of Exchange 85
6.2.1 What Are Bills of Exchange? 85
6.2.2 Essentials and Non-essentials of Valid
Bills of Exchange 86
6.2.3 Types of Bills of Exchange 89
6.2.4 Procedure of Using Bills of Exchange
90
6.3 Checks 94
6.3.1 What are Checks? 94
6.3.2 Essential Requirements 95
6.3.3 Crossing a Check 95
6.4 Promissory Notes 97
6.4.1 What Are Promissory Notes? 97
6.4.2 Essentials of Valid Promissory Notes
97
6.4.3 Types of Promissory Notes 98
6.4.4 Comparison Between Bills, Promissory
Notes and Checks 98
Exercises 99
Chapter Seven Modes of Payment 101
7.1 Remittance 101
7.1.1 What is Remittance? 101
7.1.2 Basic Parties to Remittance 101
7.1.3 Types of Remittance 102
7.1.4 Application of Remittance 104
7.2 Collection 104
7.2.1 What Is Collection? 104
7.2.2 Basic Parties to Collection 105
7.2.3 Types of Collection 106
7.3 Letters of Credit 108
7.3.1 What Is Letter of Credit? 108
7.3.2 Characteristics of Letter of Credit 108
7.3.3 Parties in Letter of Credit 109
7.3.4 Essential Contents of Letter of Credit
110
7.3.5 Procedure of Documentary Credit 111
7.3.6 Discrepancies in Letter of Credit 114
7.3.7 Types of Letter of Credit 115
Exercises 116
Chapter Eight Commercial Documents in
International Trade 118
8.1 Introduction 118
8.2 Commercial Invoice 119
8.2.1 Definition 119
8.2.2 Contents of Commercial Invoice 120
8.3 Pro Forma Invoice 122
8.4 Marine Bill of Lading 123
8.4.1 Definition 123
8.4.2 Functions of a Bill of Lading 124
8.4.3 Parties of a Bill of Lading 124
8.4.4 Contents of a Bill of Lading 125
8.4.5 Types of Bill of Lading 127
8.5 Other Transport Documents 130
8.5.1 Sea Waybill 130
8.5.2 Air Waybill 130
8.5.3 Road Waybill or CMR Consignment
Note 132
8.5.4 Railway Bill or Cargo Receipt 133
8.5.5 Courier Receipt or Post Receipt 133
8.6 Insurance Documents 133
8.6.1 Definition 134
8.6.2 Types of Loss 134
8.6.3 Types of Coverage/Risk 135
8.6.4 Types of Insurance Documents 135
Exercises 136
Chapter Nine Business Letters 139
9.1 Parts of a Business Letter 139
9.2 Formats of Business Letters 144
9.2.1 Three Commonly Used Formats 144
9.2.2 Envelope Writing 148
9.3 Eight Principles of Business Writing 148
9.4 Practical Business Letters 153
9.4.1 Enquiries and Replies 153
9.4.2 Offers and Counter-offers 155
9.4.3 Placing and Acknowledging Orders 157
9.4.4 Complaints and Claims 159
Exercises 160
Chapter Ten Claims and Arbitration 163
10.1 Claims 163
10.1.1 Introduction 163
10.1.2 Breach of Contract 164
10.1.3 Discrepancy and Claim Clause 165
10.1.4 Legal Aspects of Marketing Claims
166
10.1.5 Resolution of Trade Claims 167
10.1.6 International Litigation 168
10.2 Arbitration 168
10.2.1 Definition of Arbitration 168
10.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Arbitration 171
10.2.3 Foundations of International
Commercial Arbitration 173
10.2.4 Institution Arbitration and Ad Hoc
Arbitration 174
10.2.5 Arbitration Institutions 175
10.2.6 The Place of Arbitration 176
10.2.7 Other Methods of Dispute Resolution
178
Exercises 180
References 183
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