1 Introduction 001
1.1 Research background 002
1.2 Research status of PBA method 004
1.3 Research significance 009

2 State of the art 011
2.1 Cut and cover method 011
2.2 Cover-cut method 013
2.3 New Austrian tunneling method 015
2.4 Shield method 019
2.5 Both sides heading method 020
2.6 Center drift method 022
2.7 NTR method 023

3 Introduction to PBA construction method 026
3.1 Pile-beam-arch(PBA) method 026
3.1.1 Principle of PBA method 026
3.1.2 Characteristics of the PBA method 027
3.1.3 Construction steps of the PBA method 028
3.1.4 Structural form of the PBA method 029
3.2 Selection of construction methods for subway stations 034
3.2.1 Comparison of construction methods 034
3.2.2 Construction method selection 036

4 Main structure construction of PBA method 038
4.1 Guide tunnel construction method 038
4.1.1 Small catheter support 038
4.1.2 Guide tunnel excavation 041
4.1.3 Construction of large pipe shed 042
4.2 Construction of bored piles at the side of the station 044
4.2.1 Preparation 045
4.2.2 Mechanical drilling construction 046
4.2.3 Construction of steel bars 047
4.2.4 Concrete pouring construction 050
4.3 Crown beam construction method 051
4.3.1 Preparation 051
4.3.2 Reinforcement formwork construction 052
4.3.3 Crown beam concrete construction 053
4.4 Bottom longitudinal beam construction method 054
4.4.1 Substrate treatment 055
4.4.2 Waterproof construction 055
4.4.3 Reinforcement installation 056
4.4.4 Installation of embedded parts 057
4.4.5 Concrete construction 058
4.5 Steel pipe column construction method 058
4.5.1 Manual digging pile construction 059
4.5.2 Steel pipe column construction 061
4.6 Top longitudinal beam construction 067
4.6.1 Formwork construction 067
4.6.2 Waterproof layer construction 068
4.6.3 Steel banding 069
4.6.4 Concrete infusion 070
4.7 Arch construction method 070
4.7.1 Arch construction steps 070
4.7.2 Initial support construction of arch 072
4.7.3 Earthwork excavation 075
4.7.4 Secondary lining construction of arch 075
4.7.5 Formwork construction 077
4.7.6 Concrete construction 078
4.8 Excavation of the subway station 079
4.8.1 Soil excavation 079
4.8.2 Shotcrete construction between piles 082
4.8.3 Medium plate and side wall construction 083
4.8.4 Platform wall and board construction 087

5 3D model simulation of construction steps of PBA method 088
5.1 Introduction to GTS NX 088
5.2 Constitutive model of geotechnical 089
5.2.1 Elastic model 090
5.2.2 Elastoplastic model 091
5.2.3 Model assumptions 092
5.3 Establishment of the subway station model 093
5.3.1 Setting of boundary conditions 093
5.3.2 Simplification of the PBA process 095
5.3.3 Mechanical parameters of the material 098
5.3.4 Simplification of model loads 098
5.4 Simulation of guide tunnel excavation scheme 102
5.4.1 Scheme 1 for guide tunnel excavation 103
5.4.2 Scheme 2 for guide tunnel excavation 104
5.4.3 Scheme 3 for guide tunnel excavation 105
5.4.4 Scheme 4 for guide tunnel excavation 105
5.5 Simulation of the excavation process 106
5.5.1 Construction of small conduits 106
5.5.2 Construction of small guide tunnels 107
5.5.3 Construction of beam and column system 108
5.5.4 Initial support of the arch 108
5.5.5 Secondary lining of the arch 109
5.5.6 Construction of the middle plate and side walls 110
5.5.7 Construction of the platform 110
5.6 Simulation analysis of tunnel excavation scheme 111
5.6.1 Guide tunnel excavation scheme model 112
5.6.2 Analysis of arch settlement of scheme 1 112
5.6.3 Analysis of arch settlement of scheme 2 113
5.6.4 Analysis of arch settlement of scheme 3 114
5.6.5 Analysis of arch settlement of scheme 4 114
5.6.6 Comparative analysis of arch settlement 115
5.6.7 Comparison of surface settlement 116
5.7 Analysis of ground surface settlement in subway station 118
5.7.1 Stage of small guide tunnel construction 118
5.7.2 Stage of pile and beam system construction 123
5.7.3 Stage of arch initial support 124
5.7.4 Stage of construction of the hall floor 126
5.7.5 Stage of platform construction 127
5.7.6 Summary analysis of settlement 128
5.8 Comprehensive analysis of numerical simulation 129
5.8.1 Analysis of surface settlement in vertical direction 129
5.8.2 Analysis of surface settlement in horizontal direction 131

6 Application of PBA method in Shenyang Zhongjie metro station 133
6.1 Overview of Shenyang Zhongjie Station 133
6.1.1 Project overview 133
6.1.2 Engineering geological conditions 135
6.2 Monitoring and measurement technology 136
6.2.1 Scope of monitoring 136
6.2.2 Methods of monitoring 138
6.2.3 Control criteria for monitoring 143
6.3 Analysis of measured sedimentation data 144
6.3.1 Analysis of ground settlement in cross section 144
6.3.2 Analysis of ground settlement in longitudinal section 146
6.4 Analysis of the comparison between simulated and measured data 148

7 Control of the surrounding environment of PBA method 153
7.1 Location of buildings and pipelines in Zhongjie Station 153
7.1.1 Location of the building 153
7.1.2 Location of the pipeline 156
7.2 Building and surface settlement control measures 160
7.2.1 Measures for surface grouting support 161
7.2.2 Measures for reinforcement in the guide tunnel 164
7.2.3 Measures for building foundation reinforcement 164
7.2.4 Measures for double-layer duct grouting support 168
7.2.5 Measures for grouting behind initial support 171
7.3 Pipeline protection and reinforcement measures 173
7.3.1 Classification of pipeline protection 175
7.3.2 Measures for construction control 176
7.3.3 Measures for pipeline control 177

8 Conclusions 181

References 185