本書(shū)根據(jù)《高等職業(yè)教育建筑工程技術(shù)專業(yè)教學(xué)基本要求》等國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)。全書(shū)分3 個(gè)模塊，共6 個(gè)項(xiàng)目，即建筑工程測(cè)量、建筑數(shù)字測(cè)繪技術(shù)、無(wú)人機(jī)及激光掃描智能測(cè)繪3 個(gè)模塊；高程測(cè)量技術(shù)、角度測(cè)量技術(shù)、數(shù)字測(cè)圖基礎(chǔ)、數(shù)字測(cè)繪外業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)與內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)處理、無(wú)人機(jī)智能測(cè)繪原理及過(guò)程、三維激光掃描技術(shù)6 個(gè)項(xiàng)目。本書(shū)內(nèi)容豐富，且及時(shí)跟蹤最新的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范和建筑測(cè)繪行業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的需要。為便于信息化教學(xué)，本書(shū)配有豐富的教學(xué)資源。本書(shū)課程思政從“格物、致知、誠(chéng)意、正心、修身、齊家、治國(guó)、平天下”中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化角度著眼，再結(jié)合社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀“富強(qiáng)、民主、文明、和諧、自由、平等、公正、法治、愛(ài)國(guó)、敬業(yè)、誠(chéng)信、友善”，在課程內(nèi)容中尋找相關(guān)的落腳點(diǎn)，通過(guò)案例、知識(shí)點(diǎn)等教學(xué)素材的設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)用，以潤(rùn)物細(xì)無(wú)聲的方式將正確的價(jià)值觀有效地傳遞給讀者。本書(shū)適合作為高職高專建筑工程技術(shù)等專業(yè)的專業(yè)課教材，也可作為相關(guān)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)的培訓(xùn)用書(shū)，還可作為相關(guān)工程技術(shù)人員的工作參考用書(shū)。
盧聲亮，博士研究生，副教授、高級(jí)工程師，擁有一級(jí)建造師、注冊(cè)巖土工程師資質(zhì)。任職于溫州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院，建筑工程學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)，從事教學(xué)工作10余年，具備豐富的工程與教學(xué)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)�？蒲蟹矫�，主持多項(xiàng)省部級(jí)科研教學(xué)項(xiàng)目，成果豐富，產(chǎn)生十余篇SCI高水平論文，其中SCI 1區(qū)一篇，2區(qū)3篇。教學(xué)育人方面，作為副主編出版基礎(chǔ)工程施工教材，獲國(guó)家十四五規(guī)劃教材榮譽(yù)。帶隊(duì)參加2022年“南方測(cè)繪杯”全國(guó)高職院校虛擬仿真測(cè)量大賽獲一等獎(jiǎng)，2022年全國(guó)職業(yè)院校工程識(shí)圖“鋼筋平法”競(jìng)賽獲一等獎(jiǎng)。
目錄
模塊一 建筑工程測(cè)量 ·····················································································1
項(xiàng)目1 高程測(cè)量技術(shù)···································································································3
1.1 水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量原理 ········································································································4
1.2 高程測(cè)量方法 ········································································································6
1.2.1 高差法 ········································································································6
1.2.2 儀高法 ········································································································6
1.3 水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量?jī)x器 ········································································································6
1.3.1 水準(zhǔn)儀 ········································································································6
1.3.2 水準(zhǔn)尺和尺墊 ·······························································································8
1.4 水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量實(shí)操 ·····································································································.10
1.4.1 儀器操作與讀數(shù) ·························································································.10
1.4.2 實(shí)訓(xùn)任務(wù) ··································································································.12
1.5 二等水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量 ·····································································································.13
1.5.1 水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量路線 ····························································································.13
1.5.2 測(cè)量技術(shù)要求 ····························································································.13
1.5.3 制訂測(cè)量方案 ····························································································.14
1.6 二等水準(zhǔn)路線實(shí)訓(xùn)任務(wù) ·························································································.15
1.6.1 測(cè)量任務(wù) ··································································································.15
1.6.2 實(shí)訓(xùn)指導(dǎo) ··································································································.15
1.6.3 實(shí)訓(xùn)成果 ··································································································.16
1.6.4 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與要求 ·························································································.17
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.18
課后思考與練習(xí) ·········································································································.19
項(xiàng)目2 角度測(cè)量技術(shù)································································································.21
2.1 水平角測(cè)量原理 ··································································································.22
2.2 全站儀測(cè)水平角的操作流程 ···················································································.22
2.2.1 測(cè)回法 ·····································································································.23
2.2.2 全圓法 ·····································································································.24
2.2.3 水平測(cè)角實(shí)訓(xùn)任務(wù) ······················································································.25
2.3 全站儀測(cè)豎直角的原理 ·························································································.26
2.4 控制測(cè)量知識(shí) ·····································································································.27
2.4.1 平面控制測(cè)量 ····························································································.27
2.4.2 高程控制測(cè)量 ····························································································.28
2.5 一級(jí)導(dǎo)線測(cè)量 ·····································································································.28
2.5.1 一級(jí)導(dǎo)線測(cè)量知識(shí) ······················································································.28
2.5.2 導(dǎo)線測(cè)量坐標(biāo)反算 ······················································································.29
2.5.3 導(dǎo)線測(cè)量坐標(biāo)正算 ······················································································.31
2.5.4 導(dǎo)線測(cè)量?jī)?nèi)業(yè)計(jì)算 ······················································································.32
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.34
課后思考與練習(xí) ·········································································································.34
模塊二 建筑數(shù)字測(cè)繪技術(shù) ············································································.37
項(xiàng)目3 數(shù)字測(cè)圖基礎(chǔ)································································································.39
3.1 數(shù)字地圖與數(shù)字測(cè)圖 ····························································································.40
3.1.1 數(shù)字地圖的概念 ·························································································.40
3.1.2 數(shù)字地圖的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ·························································································.41
3.1.3 數(shù)字測(cè)圖的概念 ·························································································.42
3.1.4 數(shù)字測(cè)圖工作特點(diǎn) ······················································································.42
3.1.5 數(shù)字測(cè)圖技術(shù)的發(fā)展與展望 ··········································································.44
3.2 數(shù)字測(cè)圖基本原理 ·······························································································.46
3.2.1 數(shù)字測(cè)圖的基本思想 ···················································································.46
3.2.2 數(shù)字測(cè)圖的基本過(guò)程 ···················································································.47
3.2.3 數(shù)字測(cè)圖的作業(yè)模式 ···················································································.49
3.2.4 數(shù)字測(cè)圖系統(tǒng) ····························································································.51
3.3 了解GNSS 的應(yīng)用 ·······························································································.53
3.3.1 GNSS-RTK 測(cè)量原理 ···················································································.53
3.3.2 GNSS-RTK 系統(tǒng)組成 ···················································································.54
3.3.3 南方創(chuàng)享測(cè)量系統(tǒng)GNSS-RTK 使用 ································································.55
3.3.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)RTK 系統(tǒng) ···························································································.62
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.66
課后思考與練習(xí) ·········································································································.67
項(xiàng)目4 數(shù)字測(cè)繪外業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)與內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)處理································································.69
4.1 數(shù)字測(cè)繪外業(yè)數(shù)據(jù) ·······························································································.70
4.1.1 測(cè)圖前的準(zhǔn)備工作 ······················································································.70
4.1.2 大比例尺數(shù)字測(cè)圖技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì) ··········································································.71
4.2 圖根控制測(cè)量 ·····································································································.74
4.2.1 圖根點(diǎn)布設(shè) ·······························································································.74
4.2.2 全站儀圖根控制測(cè)量 ···················································································.75
4.2.3 RTK 圖根控制測(cè)量 ······················································································.76
4.2.4 圖根高程控制測(cè)量 ······················································································.76
4.2.5 增補(bǔ)測(cè)站點(diǎn) ·······························································································.76
4.3 數(shù)字測(cè)繪內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)處理 ·························································································.77
4.3.1 內(nèi)業(yè)成圖的基本過(guò)程 ···················································································.77
4.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸 ··································································································.78
4.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理 ··································································································.83
4.3.4 等高線的繪制與編輯 ···················································································.85
4.3.5 數(shù)字地面模型的建立 ···················································································.85
思政鏈接 ··················································································································.89
課后思考與練習(xí) ·········································································································.90
模塊三 無(wú)人機(jī)及激光掃描智能測(cè)繪 ···························································.91
項(xiàng)目5 無(wú)人機(jī)智能測(cè)繪原理及過(guò)程···········································································.93
5.1 無(wú)人機(jī)航空攝影測(cè)量概述 ······················································································.94
5.1.1 無(wú)人機(jī)航測(cè)的優(yōu)勢(shì) ······················································································.96
5.1.2 無(wú)人機(jī)航測(cè)注意事項(xiàng) ···················································································.96
5.1.3 無(wú)人機(jī)航測(cè)具體用途 ···················································································.97
5.1.4 行業(yè)背景及發(fā)展 ·························································································.98
5.2 無(wú)人機(jī)航測(cè)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成 ····························································································.99
5.2.1 多旋翼無(wú)人機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成 ··········································································.99
5.2.2 無(wú)人機(jī)傳感系統(tǒng) ·························································································101
5.2.3 地面站系統(tǒng) ·······························································································103
5.2.4 航測(cè)成果類型 ····························································································103
5.3 無(wú)人機(jī)航攝作業(yè)流程 ····························································································106
5.3.1 踏勘 ········································································································106
5.3.2 像控點(diǎn)布設(shè)及測(cè)量 ······················································································108
5.3.3 無(wú)人機(jī)航飛 ······························································································.110
5.3.4 數(shù)據(jù)整理 ·································································································.110
5.4 南方地理信息數(shù)據(jù)成圖軟件SouthMap ·····································································.110
5.4.1 SouthMap 特性 ··························································································.110
5.4.2 SouthMap 工作流程 ····················································································.117
思政鏈接 ·················································································································.118
課后思考與練習(xí) ········································································································.119
項(xiàng)目6 三維激光掃描技術(shù)·························································································121
6.1 激光雷達(dá)發(fā)展歷史及其應(yīng)用概述 ·············································································122
6.1.1 激光雷達(dá)技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ···················································································123
6.1.2 激光雷達(dá)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 ···················································································123
6.1.3 激光雷達(dá)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn) ················································································128
6.2 激光掃描成果類型 ·······························································································129
6.2.1 激光點(diǎn)云 ··································································································129
6.2.2 數(shù)碼影像 ··································································································131
6.2.3 建筑物平、立、剖面圖 ················································································132
6.2.4 建筑物三維模型 ·························································································134
6.2.5 數(shù)字模型 ··································································································134
6.3 南方測(cè)繪激光掃描產(chǎn)品 ·························································································135
6.3.1 SPL-1500 三維激光掃描儀設(shè)備組成 ································································135
6.3.2 SPL-1500 三維激光掃描儀作業(yè)流程 ································································136
6.4 三維激光掃描數(shù)據(jù)采集 ·························································································139
思政鏈接 ··················································································································143
課后思考與練習(xí) ·········································································································144
參考文獻(xiàn) ··································································································.145
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