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關(guān)于我們
 書單推薦 新書推薦 |
Web 3 中的零知識證明 
定 價：98 元
9 7 4 8 8 7 8 1 1 2 1 1 5 讀者對象:區(qū)塊鏈、Web 3領(lǐng)域的從業(yè)者，安全和零知識證明相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的愛好者 
基于當前 Web 3 世界的快速發(fā)展，零知識證明在落地應用方面取得了快速進展。本書從技術(shù)原理和相關(guān)具體工程實現(xiàn)的角度對其進行介紹。本書第1章從總體上回顧了 Web 3 的發(fā)展，以及當前的表現(xiàn)形態(tài)，第2章和第3章從最簡潔的數(shù)學層面向讀者介紹了零知識證明是什么，以及如何構(gòu)建零知識證明。第4章從技術(shù)層面介紹了 Web 3 世界中零知識證明的主流實現(xiàn)方案，第5章從應用層面介紹了零知識證明在 Web 3 世界中的一些典型應用，第6章介紹了零知識證明在其他領(lǐng)域的應用及展望。本書定位為科普讀物，面向的讀者包括但不限于 Web 3 領(lǐng)域的從業(yè)者、對零知識證明感興趣的學生及業(yè)內(nèi)人士。
高承實，密碼學博士。中國計算機學會高級會員、區(qū)塊鏈專委會執(zhí)行委員，中國工業(yè)與應用數(shù)學學會區(qū)塊鏈專委會常務委員，中國移動通信聯(lián)合會元宇宙產(chǎn)業(yè)工作委員會常務委員，中國指揮與控制學會會員、城市大腦與社會綜合治理專家咨詢團隊團員，云安全聯(lián)盟CSA大中華區(qū)元宇宙技術(shù)安全專家組專家，中國密碼學會會員，螞蟻鏈大學認證專家，深圳市信息服務業(yè)區(qū)塊鏈協(xié)會專家導師，亞洲區(qū)塊鏈產(chǎn)業(yè)研究院專家顧問委員，高承實，密碼學博士，中國計算機學會區(qū)塊鏈專委會執(zhí)行委員、中國工業(yè)與應用數(shù)學學會區(qū)塊鏈專委會常務委員，現(xiàn)擔任安徽棧谷科技有限公司董事長，2020年被浙商產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)塊鏈促進聯(lián)盟、宏鏈財經(jīng)評為"年度行業(yè)貢獻者”。出版《區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)本質(zhì)與應用》《元宇宙進化邏輯》《回歸常識——高博士區(qū)塊鏈觀察》《區(qū)塊鏈中的密碼技術(shù)》等著作。同時也是多所大學客座教授。
目 錄
第1 章 Web 3 新基建崛起 ..................................................................................................... 001 1.1 Web 3 主流敘事 ···············································································.001 1.1.1 史前敘事 ···············································································.002 1.1.2 公鏈降臨 ···············································································.004 1.1.3 去中心化金融DeFi 創(chuàng)世 ····························································.007 1.1.4 非同質(zhì)化代幣NFT 異軍突起 ······················································.012 1.1.5 鏈游GameFi 先聲奪人 ······························································.017 1.2 Web 3 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施體系初現(xiàn) ···································································.020 1.2.1 Web 3 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施框架 ·································································.020 1.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)服務 ···············································································.023 1.2.3 去中心化身份堆棧 ···································································.030 1.2.4 安全與審計 ············································································.034 1.3 零知識證明敘事升溫 ·········································································.038 1.3.1 零知識證明的奧妙 ···································································.039 1.3.2 自主掌控隱私 ·········································································.041 1.3.3 破解可擴展性難題 ···································································.045 第2 章 揭開零知識證明的神秘面紗 .................................................................................... 050 2.1 “證明”的歷史 ···············································································.050 2.1.1 從歸納推理到演繹推理 ·····························································.050 2.1.2 形式化符號語言推理 ································································.051 2.1.3 計算機證明 ············································································.052 2.1.4 交互式證明 ············································································.053 2.2 繞不開的計算復雜性 ·········································································.054 2.2.1 基本概念 ···············································································.054 2.2.2 P 問題、NP 問題與NPC 問題 ·····················································.059 2.2.3 電路復雜性 ············································································.064 2.3 零知識證明的基本原理 ······································································.068 2.3.1 故事中的零知識證明 ································································.068 2.3.2 模擬器定義“零知識性” ··························································.071 2.3.3 提取器定義“可靠性” ·····························································.075 2.3.4 從交互式證明到簡潔非交互式證明 ··············································.078 第3 章 零知識簡潔非交互論證系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)造 ........................................................................ 091 3.1 構(gòu)造零知識簡潔非交互論證系統(tǒng)的主要步驟 ···········································.092 3.1.1 SNARK 系統(tǒng)的底層 ·································································.092 3.1.2 可驗證計算及其設(shè)計 ································································.095 3.2 將計算需求轉(zhuǎn)化為電路 ······································································.103 3.2.1 將問題轉(zhuǎn)化為程序 ···································································.103 3.2.2 將程序轉(zhuǎn)化為計算電路 ·····························································.104 3.3 信息論模型的構(gòu)造 ············································································.112 3.3.1 LIP 模型 ················································································.113 3.3.2 IOP 模型 ···············································································.114 3.4 證明多項式 ·····················································································.115 3.4.1 FRI 承諾 ················································································.115 3.4.2 KZG10 承諾 ···········································································.120 3.4.3 IPA 承諾 ················································································.123 3.4.4 不同方案的對比 ······································································.126 3.5 非交互及零知識的實現(xiàn) ······································································.127 3.5.1 非交互性 ···············································································.127 3.5.2 零知識 ··················································································.130 3.6 小結(jié)······························································································.132 3.6.1 ZK-SNARK 的分類 ··································································.132 3.6.2 更多的組合和遞歸 ···································································.133 第4 章 零知識證明的主流實現(xiàn)方案 .................................................................................... 136 4.1 零知識證明技術(shù)和應用發(fā)展 ································································.137 4.1.1 零知識證明的技術(shù)發(fā)展 ·····························································.137 4.1.2 重新定義區(qū)塊鏈運作方式 ··························································.138 4.2 ZK-SNARK ····················································································.141 4.2.1 工作原理 ···············································································.142 4.2.2 主要協(xié)議 ···············································································.142 4.3 ZK-STARK ·····················································································.152 4.3.1 工作原理 ···············································································.152 4.3.2 ZK-SNARK 與ZK-STARK ·························································.159 4.4 Bulletproofs ·····················································································.163 4.4.1 工作原理 ···············································································.163 4.4.2 應用場景 ···············································································.169 4.5 ZKP 系統(tǒng)的比較維度 ········································································.171 4.5.1 效率和安全維度 ······································································.171 4.5.2 底層技術(shù)維度 ·········································································.173 第5 章 零知識證明“眾神殿” ............................................................................................. 177 5.1 市場機會 ························································································.178 5.1.1 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ···············································································.178 5.1.2 身份與安全 ············································································.184 5.1.3 DeFi 與支付 ···········································································.187 5.1.4 硬件加速 ···············································································.191 5.1.5 NFT 交易 ···············································································.193 5.2 Web 3 系統(tǒng)擴容 ···············································································.194 5.2.1 zkSync ··················································································.195 5.2.2 StarkNet ················································································.201 5.2.3 Scroll ····················································································.206 5.2.4 Polygon zkEVM ·······································································.212 5.3 挑戰(zhàn)可交互性 ··················································································.215 5.3.1 跨鏈橋概述 ············································································.215 5.3.2 ZKP 跨鏈原理及難點 ································································.219 5.3.3 實現(xiàn)以太坊PoS 輕客戶端 ··························································.220 5.3.4 將IBC 引入以太坊 ···································································.223 5.3.5 分布式零知識證明 ···································································.227 5.4 數(shù)字身份解決方案 ············································································.229 5.4.1 去中心化身份堆棧 ···································································.229 5.4.2 ZK 勛章證明聲譽 ····································································.232 5.4.3 ZKDID 預言機 ········································································.234 5.4.4 ZK-KYC 助力合規(guī) ···································································.238 5.5 博弈中的隱私支付 ············································································.242 5.5.1 隱私幣 ··················································································.243 5.5.2 隱私交易網(wǎng)絡(luò) ·········································································.248 5.5.3 隱私智能合約 ·········································································.251 第6 章 Web 3 之外的零知識證明 ........................................................................................ 254 6.1 零知識證明賦能生成式AI ··································································.255 6.1.1 為ML 上鏈提供基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ··························································.256 6.1.2 實現(xiàn)信任證明 ·········································································.257 6.1.3 開拓游戲新屬性 ······································································.257 6.2 抵抗虛假信息 ··················································································.259 6.2.1 音頻的ZK 證明 ·······································································.259 6.2.2 新聞照片的ZK 證明 ·································································.260 6.3 分布式智能電網(wǎng)的安全控制 ································································.262 6.4 醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)保護與安全共享 ···································································.264 6.4.1 醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)安全共享 ···································································.264 6.4.2 醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)安全采集 ···································································.267 參考文獻 ....................................................................................................................................... 271 后記 ............................................................................................................................................... 277
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