Passage Two
　　Giobalization and Identity
　　1. What globalization had definitely contributed to was the erosion of the "master identities" such as, for example, citizenship in the abstract meaning of membership in the territorially defined and state-governed society, and its replacement by an identity based on ethnicity, race, local community, language, and other "local" and culturally concrete forms. In other words, the trends towards unification that were exacerbating during the past decades in turn provoked the appreciation of the role and importance of the opposing trends towards the specific and the local.
　　2. One of the explanations of these contradicting tendencies may be as follows: though the process of globalization undermines the traditional perception of locality as a bounded space characterized by a framework of close relations based upon kinship ties and length of residency since it diminishes the intensity of day-to-day contacts and overall involvement into communal activities, it seems to have a different kind of influence on another dimension of "locality"--that is, various rituals, ceremonies and collectivememoriesthat bindthepeopletogether. AsMike Featherstone argues,thisistheprimaryfactorthatfostersthe sustainabilityofthecommunaltiesbecauseitistheuseof commemorative rituals andceremonies that can be understood as batteries that store and recharge the sense of communality when one is apart from the regular calendar of ceremonies.