本書探索一條研究隱喻、一詞多義現(xiàn)象及其概念結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系的嶄新之路。作者向認(rèn)知語言學(xué)、詞匯語義學(xué)及分析哲學(xué)理論框架范圍內(nèi)的有關(guān)隱喻研究提出了挑戰(zhàn)。呼吁要對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)想的有關(guān)字面意義的觀點及其概念結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系進(jìn)行再思考。
“西方語言學(xué)原版影印系列叢書”是北京大學(xué)出版社外語編輯部建立以來的一個新產(chǎn)品，具有重大意義。隨著國內(nèi)高等教育的發(fā)展，這幾年來本科生、碩士生和博士生的招生名額都擴大了，教材建設(shè)再次提上了日程。除組織國內(nèi)老師自行編寫外，從國外直接引進(jìn)仍不失為一個有效途徑。語言學(xué)是一門領(lǐng)先科學(xué)，因此本叢書的有些內(nèi)容對其他專業(yè)的老師和學(xué)生、研究者，甚至業(yè)余學(xué)習(xí)者也有很高參考價值。例如，像有關(guān)語料庫、認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的著作除外語老師外，計算科學(xué)、統(tǒng)計學(xué)、認(rèn)知科學(xué)、詞典編輯等專業(yè)的研究人員和師生也有一讀之必要。
北大版“西方語言學(xué)原版影印系列叢書”的問世是意料中的事。早在2002年1月北京大學(xué)出版社已出版過“西方語言學(xué)叢書”，從劍橋大學(xué)出版社引進(jìn)了六卷本《英語語言史》，Robert D.van Valin和Randy J.Lapolla的《句法：結(jié)構(gòu)、意義與功能》，Andres Radford的《最簡方案：句法理論與英語結(jié)構(gòu)》……共七種，在外語界獨樹一幟。經(jīng)過兩三年的摸索，經(jīng)驗更豐富了，視野更擴大了。這表現(xiàn)在選題方面語言學(xué)和應(yīng)用語言學(xué)并重，這更符合研究生專業(yè)目錄中有關(guān)“語言學(xué)和應(yīng)用語言學(xué)”的基本要求。我們的學(xué)生既要有理論知識，也要有如何運用有關(guān)理論的知識，只有這樣，才能將所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識更好地為國家建設(shè)服務(wù)。
另一點值得我們考慮的是，全面掌握語言學(xué)和應(yīng)用語言學(xué)的專業(yè)知識固然是保證教學(xué)質(zhì)量的一個方面，我們還要讓高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生經(jīng)常站在本學(xué)科的前沿，接觸本學(xué)科的最新成果，掌握本學(xué)科的最新動向。這也是保證教材質(zhì)量，從而保證所培養(yǎng)學(xué)生質(zhì)量的一個重要方面。因此，本叢書既引進(jìn)有關(guān)學(xué)科在各時期的經(jīng)典著作，更注意引進(jìn)21世紀(jì)的新著。長江后浪推前浪，許多經(jīng)典著作最初也是以新著的形式問世的，其作者的年齡往往屬于新生代。因此，時代意識是本系列叢書的一大特征。
為了實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，本叢書采取靈活的出版發(fā)行方式，既可系統(tǒng)成套出版，也可成熟一本，出版一本。這樣，只要國外有好的新著出版，北京大學(xué)出版社根據(jù)該書的質(zhì)量和國內(nèi)的需要，及時引進(jìn)。這在信息爆炸的今天，尤為重要。我們還認(rèn)為，這套叢書的建設(shè)與廣大讀者的監(jiān)督和支持是分不開的。我們歡迎讀者對本叢書不足之處提出寶貴意見，我們更歡迎讀者和業(yè)內(nèi)行家向我們推薦有引進(jìn)價值的著作！
Preface
1 Introduction：On the Nature of the Literal.Metaphorical Distinction
2 Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics
2.1 The cognitive linguistics revolution
2.2 Experientialism and conceptual organization
2.3 Reasons to take experientialism seriously
2.4 Cognitive semantics and the literal.metaphorical distinction
2.5 Some problems for the philosophy of experientialism
2.6 Adjectival polysemy in the experientialist framework
3 The‘Hot’Polysemy
3.1 Why neurophysiology matters to semantics
3.2 The capsaicin receptor
3.3 Are hot peppers‘hot’for everyone?
3.4 The pain pathway
3.5 The standard assumption and the‘hot’polysemy
4 Across Sensory Modalities
4.1 Bright sounds and loud lights
4.2 Seeing sounds and tasting shapes
4.3 How different are synaesthetes and non.synaesthetes?
4.4 Cross.modal associations and synaesthetic metaphors
4.5 Synaesthetic adjectives and the standard assumption
4.6 The no.polysemy view of conceptual structure
4.7 How could have psychologically primitive concepts come abolJt?
5 Double.Function Terms
5.1 Apuzzle
5.2 Asch on double.function adjectives
5.3 Discussing Asch’S research：cross.linguistic studv
5.4 Conceptual atomism
5.5 Discussing Asch’S research：language acquisition study
6 Double.Function Terms Again
6.1 Adjectival polysemy in psycholinguistic research
6.2 Discussing Williams results
6.3 The processing of alternative meanings by cerebral hemispheres：the beginnings
6.4 The processing of alternative meanings by cerebral hemispheres：later studies
7 Words and Concepts
8 Back to Cognitive Semantics
8.1 Sweetsers mind.as.body metaphor
8.2 Enter criticisms
9 Polysemy in Lexical Semantics
9.1 Semantics and conceptual structure：the beginnings
9.2 Polysemy and conceptual structure
9.3 The generative lexicon
9.4 The disquotational lexicon and the problem of polysen
10 The No.Polysemy View：What It Is and What It Is N
10.1 The one literal meaning assumption
10.2 The no.polysemy view
10.3 Words，meanings，concepts，and more
10.4 Metaphors forever
11 A Very Short Conclusion
Notes
References
Index
On the other hand，our intuition tells us that somehow in ourthought all the different meanings of softare related，perhaps relatedmore tightly and in a qualitatively different way than the meanings ofcat and dog, or evenmother and father. For instance, in interpreting novel utterances. If we know what catmeans, we shall not be ableto guess what cat and dog means unless we also know what dogmeans. But if we know what soft means, we know what it means bothin soft pillow and soft voice. Or rather, if we know whatsoft(as insoft pillow)means, we can guess what soft2 (as in soft voice) means,and guess correctly. Even when we hear soft-phrases which are cornpletely novel for us, we do not twist our minds in an effort to understand them，we just understand them．To notice how widespread suchcross-sensory uses of words are one only has to watch television:Whywear cotton, if you can wear silk? could have been about clothes, but itwas about Galaxy chocolates, and it worked. Silk is softer and smootherthan cotton, tastes also have degrees of softness and smoothness. Whenwe watch this advert, we may want to try a Galaxy, but we do not wonder whether it is appropriate to call tastes soft, as we call soft thoseobjects that give us tactile sensations of softness. The kind of peoplewho wonder about such things also wonder why this is so.
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